Great Bear Rainforest Essay Example

Great Bear Rainforest Essay This is where anyone who knows the industry or is at least a little environmentally aware realises that something is not quite right. Interfor has been the subject of intense protesting and disapproval by a variety of environmental organisations, including Green peace for their destructive logging practices in the Great Bear forest in British Columbia. Interfor says it is working towards sustainable harvesting in the Great Bear Rainforest, said Tamara Stark, Green peace forest campaign co-ordinator in Canada. The company is spending a considerable amount of money on public relations, trying to convince customers that its logging practices are second-to-none. Weve got the pictures to prove its shoddy logging is a long way from qualifying as even second rate.' [11] Green peaces claims that is has the pictures for proof are backed up they the posted pictures on their site, and make the companies claims that it is environmentally sustainable sound quite hollow. Another example of problems with the SFI certification claiming sustainability are made apparent when you do more research into the companies that have been given certification by the organisation and are still in good standing. We will write a custom essay sample on Great Bear Rainforest specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Great Bear Rainforest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Great Bear Rainforest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Pacific Lumber, also known as Maxxam, has been a participant in good standing in the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) of the American Forest Paper Association since 1996. Yet in recent years, Pacific Lumber has become notorious for its role in the Headwaters controversy over clear cutting of ancient redwoods. In addition, in November 1998 its license to practice forestry in California was suspended for several months, after the company had been cited numerous times by inspectors for violating state forestry practice rules.[12] So what is going on here? How is it that these supposedly certified companies are still certified when the slightest bit of research turns up incredibly environmentally unsustainable evidence. To see the answer to this question one only needs to re-examine the first sentence of the certification report. Pacific Lumber, also known as Maxxam, has been a participant in good standing in the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) of the American Forest Paper Association since 1996.[13] The important four words in the sentence are American Forest Paper Association. The SFI is in fact an industry run certification association, and the industry set out, principles for sustainable forestry are far too broad and open-ended to be meaningful. The program has few fixed requirements or benchmarks for measuring a companys performance. Nor does it require any independent review of its members claims. And it allows every company to decide for itself how to tailor the guidelines to its own forests. So vague are the SFIs guidelines, in fact, that virtually any company could belong. Environmental organisations have denounced the SFI and pointed out the coincidence that SFI came on the scene just as environmentalists had thrown their support behind a truly rigorous, independent system for certifying well-managed forests? The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), awards seals of approval for environmentally and socially responsible forest management practices.[14] The FSC is unique in the fact that it is the only certification program that exists right now that has the endorsement of environmental organisations. What is also a telling sign of its truly sustainable nature is the fact that the industry is calling on the FSC to relax its standards so that more companies may receive certification. [15] It is important to note though that of the above companies mentioned Home Depot and IKEA are demanding wood with FSC certification and not SFI certification. Another company known for its less then environmentally friendly practices has however taken steps and received FSC certification and plans to continue to do so for its other forests. Irvings Allagash Woodlands have been awarded certification as a well-managed forest under the rules of the non-profit Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). The 569,520-acre woodland in Maines Aroostook County was the subject of a year-long assessment by an independent team of scientists and forestry experts under the auspices of Scientific Certification Systems, an FSC-accredited certification body.[16] The fact that Irving, has gotten its standards in Maine at least up to an acceptable level speaks well of the company and its movement towards environmentally conscious forestry practices, whether or not Irvings Canadian operation will be certified is not, however, discussed on the website. Further research on the Canadian Forestry Service website shows however that Irving had its Black Brook, New Brunswick forest operation certified by the FSC in October 1998. The rest of its Canadian operations have only however been certified to ISO standards, which as noted does not have the support of environmentalists, and are not considered to be environmentally sustainable. The FSC standards are what sets the program apart from the other certification initiatives, the standards range from requiring forest managers to show a long term commitment to sustainable forestry, compliance with all international treaties in signatory countries, respect for indigenous peoples rights and that they control forestry practices on their land, the view that economic viability must be long-term economic viability, maintenance of High Conservation Value Forests, and that plantations should promote the protection, restoration and conservation of natural forests, and not increase pressures on natural forests.[17] This has lead to the FSC being a much more exclusive list of organisations, due to the unwilling ness of many companies to submit to the FSC standards. Greenpeace and WWF recognize that the Forest Stewardship Council is currently the only system ensuring credible certification of good forest management. The statutes and requirements of the FSC clearly reflect international agreements reached at the Earth summit in Rio and thereafter.[18] It is the even implementation of these standards and the problem of how to evaluate all these criteria that has another party, the forest auditors speaking up over the difficulty of truly measuring many of these qualifications laid out by the various certification systems. The areas of management practices such as the level of site degradation, stocking levels, and fibre utilisation are indicators that are fairly simple to monitor, however, for objectives such as maintaining healthy wildlife populations, or water quality, auditing without standards or accepted levels of performance becomes a significant challenge.[19] While at first it may be easy to assume that that isnt that much of a challenge at all, one then has not considered such factors as regional differences, natural cycles in wildlife, etc. make the measuring process much more complex. In many areas, provincial legislation and certification initiatives for sustainable forest management systems are ahead of the science.'[20] There are also the questions of how much constitutes a problem, if for example five hanging culverts in one forest seems to be fine due to the make up of the soil in that area, what then do you do if five hanging culverts in an other area with less supporting soil is a problem. How then do you have a certification system that is uniform when in fact the biosystems in question are anything but? IT is important to realize just what we are currently able to verify in the field. Science has not developed to the point where auditors can measure the actual results systems will be established to document the intended outcome, but this is only a forecast.[21] As there are no established practices and concrete correlations between specific eco-forestry practices and their environmental outcomes the realisation as to whether or not specific practices are effective cannot presently be measured. The ultimate impact of sustainable forest management activities in the forest can only be assessed over a period of decades or perhaps centuries. The final group that needs to be examined within the context of a disscusion of the state of sustainable certification of Canadian forests is the government of Canada it self. The Canadian Forest Service (CFS) is the government entity in charge of the care of Canadian forests and its mission statements reads, The CFS promotes the sustainable development of Canadas forests and competitiveness of the Canadian Forest Sector.[22] The CFS is now implementing a number of programs along with the provinces to move Canadian forests into a sustainable mode of operations. The CFS received a less then favourable review when the final report of the Senate Sub-Committee on the Boreal Forest: Competing Realities: The Boreal Forest at Risk was released on June 28, 1999.[23] The senate committee stated that Canadians must find better ways to manage the boreal forest to meet the competing realities of preserving the resource, maintaining the lifestyle and values of boreal communities, extracting economic wealth and preserving ecological values.[24] This of course is the bureaucratically polite way of saying that what we have been doing in Canada in the way of sustainable forest management has fallen short of the kind of environmentally sustainable practices necessary to promote long term preservation of the Canadian boreal forests. Indeed the report stated as much with the following line, Portions of Canadas remaining undisturbed boreal forest and its areas of old growth are now at risk from both climate change and over cutting. The committee concluded that the demands being placed on Canadas forests can no longer be met under the current system of management.[25] The CFS seems to be trying to rectify this problem through the promotion of sustainable forestry certification, sixteen million hectares of Canadian forest have been certified under one of the three certification programs in Canada, being the Forest Stewardship Council, the International Standards Organisation, or the Canadian Standards Organisation. The government is very pleased with the fact that its certification push is going ahead. However this is where the difference between the FSC and all the other non-environmentally endorsed certification programs comes into play. Out of the sixteen million hectares only two hundred and twelve thousand hectares have been certified by the FSC. This includes the one hundred and ninety one thousand hectares of Irvings FSC certified land in New Brunswick. This fact remembered in the context that the other certification systems have been considered too weak, or completely useless by environmental organisations makes the push towards certification by the Canadian government seem less then effective. It is also important to realise that more then half of the sixteen million hectares of forest had been certified before the report of the senate sub committee report was released stating that the demands being placed on Canadas forests can no longer be met under the current system of management,[26] this same system of management that, somehow, in spite of the fact that it is considered to be unsustainable in by the criteria in the report, has received certification by the ISO and the CSA. This apparent contradiction, about sums up the position of the Canadian government when it comes to what it is doing with regard to the sustainable management of its forests. The certification process in Canada should however at all levels be considered a good thing, as one of my articles put it, the fact that the industry is doing something at all is a good sign. The problem now is getting the standards all to the point where they are truly sustainable. Environmental organisations and the FSC are adamant about keeping certification at the level at which the FSC has set it. It is now up to consumers to give industry and government the added push to switch their practices to sustainable levels, it was the push of consumers which started this process and the push of consumers that will continue this process, until then one must be educated to know if the certification sticker on the wood that they are purchasing means something, or is just another piece of packaging garbage. Bibliography References Anonymous, Certifying forests poses challenges Wood Technology; San Francisco; Jan/Feb 1999; Volume: 126. Issue: 1. Start Page: 12-14 Anonymous, Champion to open forests to third-party sustainability reviews Wood Technology; San Francisco; Jan/Feb 1999; Volume: 126. Issue: 1. Start Page: 12 Anonymous, It aint necessarily so The Amicus Journal; New York; Spring 2000; Anonymous; Volume: 22. Issue: 1. Start Page:6. Anonymous, McDonalds wants forestry practice info. Pulp Paper; San Francisco; May 1999; Anonymous; Volume: 73. Issue: 5. Start Page: 23.

Subliminal Ads essays

Subliminal Ads essays Subliminal advertising: A collective term for public announcements designed to promote the sale of specific commodities or services while being integrated below the threshold of perception or awareness. To sell products, merchants consciously use subliminal advertising as a basis for general consumerism. This seems like an unnecessary task, but when taken into consideration all the people, who have expressed their disbelief in its effectiveness, it is obvious to see how vital and necessary such a task commands. Through this, corporations must take on new strategies and methods of persuasion and justification. The importance is that advertisers rely on a trust relationship with consumers in order to successfully subliminally sell products. In other words, those who don't believe in subliminal advertising, are its likely victims. The effect of subliminal advertising on the individual and the culture has been influenced and promoted by many different elements. Let it be magazines, newspapers or radio; but the most prominent in this field is television. Television advertising influences the choices we make, perhaps more so than anyone cares to believe. It may not be so obvious, but even teachers face competition with advertising. Television stations, for example, have some four billion dollars a year from industry to spend on programming for the same students that teachers face. Nicholas Johnson, a former Federal Communications Commission Commissioner from 1966 to 1973 writes that television is diametrically opposed to almost everything a teacher tries to do: TV tells them that the only thing necessary to give them all the joys in life and the values that are important is the acquisition of yet another product. TV is telling them to sit still and don't think. TV is telling them that they are to be treated as a mass. He writes that it is extremely important to understand this force in our society if a teacher is to deal wi...

Marcating communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Marcating communication - Essay Example To make IMC an ongoing successful process, Unilever needs to allocate funds for this purpose separately and ensure that it maintains reserves so that it can smoothly carry on with its promotional strategies. This would enable the company to run its promotional campaigns smoothly without suffering significant bottlenecks. Marketing communication has become one of the most important aspects that an organisation needs to pay attention to as adoption of proper marketing tools determines the success of the company and its long term sustainability in the industry as a whole. The art of communicating the features of a product to the customers determines whether the product would be an instant hit or would be killed in its early stage of its life cycle. Unilever is one of the leading company’s in the consumer goods market offering a host of products starting from consumer durables to personal care and food items. Being a large organisation with almost 400 well–established brands, the company has felt the increasing need of integrating the various tools of communication to reach its consumers at large and convince them to use their products. The company has adopted IMC approach to build its niche in the market. This has helped the company to steer its growth in the industry and attract increasing number of customers. Though IMC offers a host of advantages but it also has its own set of disadvantages. The company has estimated that it needs to adopt proper strategies in order to offset the demerits of IMC. To differentiate itself from its competitors, the company has adopted unique modes of communication and has designed its advertisements in such a way that it attracts increasing number of customers. This has made prod ucts of Unilever one of the most demanding amongst the customers across the globe Integrated Marketing

Leadership traits behaviors and styles Assignment

Leadership traits behaviors and styles - Assignment Example However, of significance to the study is Marchionne’s tenure as CEO of Chrysler, an automobile company based in the United States. Marchionne took over as CEO in 2009 replacing Robert Nardelli, at a time when Chrysler faced huge financial constraints. The fact that he had turned Fiat, an Italian based automobile company into a profitable organization, made him the ideal candidate for the job. Marchionne managed to repay Chrysler’s loans to the government six years in advance and re-built Chrysler as a profitable automobile empire within a very short time (Wernle, 2010). Explored in this essay includes Marchionne’s leadership and personality traits, behavior orientation, and leadership style. The Five Factor Model (FFM) outlines five personality dimensions, which include Neurotism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Openness (OCEAN). Within each dimension are primary factors, which describe in detail individual qualities. Personality psychologists such as Eynseck infer that an individual’s personality encompasses a combination of both dispositional and situational factors. Dispositional factors account for internal factors such as temperance and cognitive and genetic predispositions among others. Conversely, situational factors account for external factors predisposed by the environment such as media, family and peers among others. The analysis of personality dimensions proposed by the FFM enables one to analyze an individual in a holistic manner without the overlapping of qualities, which are specific to each dimension. As such, a person either falls on one end of the high-low continuum of each dimension. Sergio Marchionne is high in conscientiousness, low in neuroticism, high in openness to experience, moderate in extraversion, and low in agreeableness. Conscientiousness encompasses an individual’s inclination towards being involved and dependable. As a CEO,

Engineering Materials Essay on Polypyrrole Essay Example for Free

Engineering Materials Essay on Polypyrrole Essay 1.0 Introduction to Polypyrrole The reason of this report is to determine the effects of temperature on the thermal, physical and mechanical properties of Polypyrrole. And then conclude the possible applications of this polymer according to its properties. Known as the conducting polymer, it is a black insoluble material according to Richard Doyle (2011), usually in the form of a thin film. It was the first polyacetylene-derivative to show high conductivity. Over the years it has become one of the most studied and extensively applied conducting polymer due to the reason being that it can be easily prepared, has high conductivity and has relatively greater stability amongst other heteroatom containing polymers. It is made up of monomers that are amines attached to aromatic rings. Some of the physical properties of Polypyrrole, as mentioned on WolframAlpha (2011), it has a Melting Point temperature of  573.15K and as identified by T.F. Otero, J.J Lopez Cascales and G Vazquez Arenas. (2005), Young’s Modulus was found to be of 310 MPa. The Glass Transition State, as indicated by P. Syed Abthagir and R. Saraswathi (2004), in their report Thermal stability of polypyrrole prepared from a ternary eutectic melt, was found to be 545k. 2.0 Methodology of the simulation tests In order to determine the effect of Temperature on Polypyrrole, simulations were carried out using the simulation software called Materials Studio. 2.1 Model Generations 1) The monomer of polypyrrole known as pyrrole was imported from software library and shown. To make presentable the display style was chosen to be â€Å"Ball and Stick† by right clicking the model. 2) Then to make the polymer the â€Å"Build Polymer† was selected from â€Å"Build† tab and chosen Current Project from library menu. Chain Length was re-arranged to 5 monomers to fit on screen for simulation purposes. 3) Click â€Å"Window† tab from Title Bar and chose â€Å"Tile Vertically† as Display Style. Then Click on any of the two pictures and right click and select â€Å"Display Style†, navigate to Legends tab and uncheck Show axis indicator. Then go to background and change it to White to comply with report’s page background. Follow the same instructions for the other picture also. 4) Then right click on any of the two pictures and chose â€Å"Label†, change the font to 16 and change text colour to Black, then chose â€Å"Element Symbol† from Properties and press close. Repeat this step for the other picture as well. 5) Select 3D viewer from the buttons above to fit to screen for both pictures and then from â€Å"File† click Export, change the format to â€Å".bmp† and save to simulations folder. 2.2 Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties 1) Now from the generated model choose the Polymer and go to â€Å"Modules† tab and choose second last option known as â€Å"Synthia†. From the setup adjust the temperature to 200-800 and steps to 60. 2) Then go to properties, Select all the properties with â€Å"CTRL A† and uncheck them and then only select Density from Thermo-physical Filter and Brittle Fracture Stress from Mechanical Filter. Then Calculate. Export the results as MS Excel file and save to simulations folder to be used later. 3.0 Results and Discussions All the results and there conclusions are mentioned here on. The results of simulation include effects of temperature on Glass Transition Temperature, Brittle Fracture Stress and Density. 3.1 Model Generation The model for simulation was generated with the following monomer (Pyrrole) having this structure (Figure 1.0): Figure 1.0 Structure of Pyrrole The monomer is made up of an aromatic ring which is an amine due to its bonding with NH group. The basic formula is C4H4NH. There is a delocalised pair of electrons on Nitrogen. At position 2, 3, 4 and 5 each carbon atom is bonded to one hydrogen atom. Positions 2-3 and 4-5 have double bonds between the carbon atoms. Although pyrrole belongs to an amine group but it has relatively low basicity because of the lone pair of electrons of Nitrogen in the aromatic ring. The monomers synthesis to form the polymer, Polypyrrole: Figure 1.1 Structure of Polypyrrole The polymer is synthesised in two manners, electrically and chemically. In Figure 1.1, a chain of 5 repeat units is used. The preferred bond formation in the aromatic ring occurs at position 2 and 5. In support to the Wan Der Walls forces, there is also hydrogen bonding of side chains between Nitrogen and Hydrogen thus forming a Branched structure of the polymer. Since the structure consists of Benzene ring so it gives the polymer a very rigid form. 3.2 Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties 3.2.1 Study on thermal property (Glass transition temperature, Tg) According to Notes by Mr Lim SC (2012), â€Å"Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) is the specific temperature at which a non-crystalline material changes it state from being Glassy/Brittle to being Ductile or rubbery.† With the help of Simulation, the following Results table was devised for Pyrrole.

Development of an Online Crime Management System (OCMS)

Development of an Online Crime Management System (OCMS) Case study of the Nigerian Police Force OYEKUNLE OYEBOLA COMFORT Abstract The aim of this project and implementation is to develop interactive online crime management system which is easily accessible to the public taking a cognizance of the Nigeria Police Force crime management approach. The accessibility of the public is to complain or even report a crime to the police stations is relatively low going by the fear of the harassment by the police department as well as endemic corruption in the system. The project and implementation titled â€Å"online crime management system† taking cognizance of the Nigeria Police Force is a web basedapplication which manages and control the information transportation with respect to a particular location. The approach will provide avenue for escalating crimes, making complaints, account disappeared persons, show fugitive details, show missing individuals and possessions, report theft, manage reported crimes among other things. The project procedures precisely looks into the crime recognition and avoidance. The user interfaces have been planned using the DOT Net technologies. The standards of security and data protective mechanism have been given a big choice for proper usage. The application takes care of different modules and their associated reports, which are produced as per the applicable strategies and standards that are put forwarded by the administrative staff. Introduction With the rapid growth in telecommunication industry that gives room for multiple access, there is need for implementation of digitized crime management system for more efficiency. Real time crime management is directly proportional to the class of security optimization which reduces the crime as well as social vices in the society With increasing population, it is very paramount to initiate an efficient crime control/management technique to maximize the security throughput as well as effective information technology utilization in providing necessary security cover for the general public. Online crime management system is employed to maximize effective security implementation. Serious crime grew to nearly epidemic proportions, mainly in Lagos and other urbanized areas categorized by speedy development and change, by stark economic inequality and deprivation, by social disorganization, and by inadequate government service and law enforcement capabilities. The situation sees the urban area more policed with around 25 percent of the population lived. The public distrust of the law enforcement agencies happened to be the major reason for underreporting of crimes. Annual crime rates fluctuated around 200 per 100,000 population in Nigeria until the early l960s and then steadily increased to more than 300 per 100,000 by the mid-1970s. Accessible data from the 1980s specified a continuing increase. Overall conveyed crimes rose from nearly 211,000 in 1981 to between 330,000 and 355,000 during 1984-85. Although serious crime usually constituted the larger category, minor crimes and offenses accounted for most of the increase. Crimes against property generally accounted for more than half the offenses, with thefts, burglary, and breaking and entering covering 80 to 90 percent in most years. Assaults established 70 to 75 percent of all crimes against persons. The British High Commission in Lagos cited more than 3,000 cases of falsifications yearly. In the late 1980s, the crime wave was aggravated by deteriorating economic circumstances and by the ineptitude, incompetence, and dishonesty of police, military, and customs personnel who conspired and collaborated with offenders or actually involved in criminal manner. Most of the crimes committed usually occur due to delay in conveying incidence report to the relevant information owner. The design of a system based on web application provides fast link to the records maintained and must interpret the significant reviews about the security condition in other to reduce the crime. It is predictable to centralize the organization of information in Crime for the main objectives of fast and efficient sharing of critical information across all Police Stations in the country. Initially, the system will be implemented across Cities and Towns and later on, be interlinked so that a Police detective can access information across all records in the state thus helping speedy and successful completion to cases. The System would also be used to generate information for pro-active and preventive measures for fighting crime. The project has been planned to be having the view of distributed design, with centralized storage of the database. The application for the storage of the data has been planned with the usage of the constructs of SQL server. The objective of the project and implementation was to develop a site in which any citizen can report crimes. The Crime Management and Reporting System make the crime reporting easier providing effective documentation as well managing the crime history. This project and implementation will be useful for the Nigeria Police Department and other law enforcement agencies and parastatals. The home page provides the login capability for both the registered users and administrators. Only the Administrators in-charge of different Police Stations will be able to login to their home pages. The citizen could only report crimes and missing person. The public response to official misconduct was to take matters into its own hands persons and property while enjoying the facilities being provided to the unregistered citizen. Generally, most police departments in the developed nations have recorded substantial progress in using ICT in management and service delivery whereas their counter parts in the less developed nations have not. This has enabled the police stations in developed countries to provide improved service delivery to its citizens as well as improved interaction with its citizens. The resulting benefits have been increased transparency, cost reduction among other benefits. However, ICT has not yet been fully utilized by the police departments in developing nations including our country thus resulting to poor service delivery to the public. Crime is part of human activities and needs to be managed. No human society has ever been totally free of deviants and it is unlikely that society will ever be. The more populated and complex a society becomes the wider the range of antisocial conducts that must be controlled by the government through the armed forces and other agencies the Police Force. The incident-based system reports on a much broader range of crimes and includes data on the circumstances of the crime, the victim, and the defendant. The current crime reporting system is faced with several difficulties as there is no instant means of reporting crime other than telephone calls, messaging or perhaps face-to-face which is usually cumbersome especially where the reporter wishes to keep anonymity. The proposed crime reporting system aims to assist the Nigerian Police in their bid to solve crimes with timely and useful information about criminals and/or their mode of operations so as to nip in the bud criminal activitie s in a given locality. Finally, a prototype crime reporting system was designed that relies on four reporting forms: a complaint or dispatch reporting form, a crime event report form, follow-up investigation report form, and an arrest report form. The system consists of three functional modules: a data capture module, a report management and control module, and a data utilization module. Future work on crime reporting system can be tailored towards accessibility (mobile version), awareness and improvement on the usage. The rate at which information is transmitted from one end to another through a given system has significantly increased. The success of an organization depends largely on the rate at which information is exchanged within the organization and also on how safe the information/data transmission process is. The attitude of workers to work also affects the success and growth of any organization. 0Different components in this project and operation included visitor’s module, registered user’s module, and administrator module. The visitor’s module will inundate the visitor to view latest broadcast (latest news update) that have been provided by the administrator. The news is filtered with respect to the visitors’ location. The registered user module provides theclientwith the facility for reporting crimes, missing persons, view most wanted persons, making complaints etc. The administrator’s module provides facility for full administration of the website by responding to clientrequests, it also allows for adding new admin, managing most wanted persons and missing persons, managing hot news and crimes and several other functionality. PROBLEM JUSTIFICATION With the high increase in population in the country with several regions being properly planned for good access road and other social amenities, the economy has negatively been influenced. This has seen its citizens indulging in lots of businesses in order to earn a living. This makes them so much busy to a point that they don’t get time to do some of their responsibilities such as reporting crime. Figure 1.1 Lagos city showing unplanned roads with minimal social amenity In most cases the officials result to harassing the citizens reporting the crimes and if there is a way to report crimes without having to go to police stations then this problem could be avoided. At other times when one reports about a missing person or property, this gets only to the police station where you have reported but don’t get to other police stations all over the County or to a larger extent and this narrows down the area of investigation. In spite of the development of Information Technology, little study has been done to analyze the problems affectingthe performanceof the Police. Figure 1.2Reports of Police inefficiency and harassment Crime is part of human activities and needs to be managed. No human society has ever been totally free of deviants and it is unlikely that society will ever be. The more populated and complex a society becomes the wider the range of anti-social conduct that must be controlled by government using police power. The incident-based system reports on a much broader range of crimes and includes data on the circumstances of the crime, the victim, and the defendant. The current crime reporting system is faced with several difficulties as there is no instant means of reporting crime rather than telephone calls, messaging or perhaps face-to-face which is always cumbersome in a case the reporter might want to keep anonymity. To strengthen crime reporting system, an online system is enhanced to fully take the responsibility of reporting crime in a manner that will be useful to the Nigerian Police Force (NPF). For instance, in cases involving property crime the incident-based system will report o n the: type and description of the article; its value; type of loss (e.g., stolen, vandalized); type of victim (e.g., individual, business); And location of crime (e.g., convenience store, residence). Criminologist and ICT Engineers are always at loggerhead over the technological advancement in Crime management which it is widely believe to be wasteful with little or no emphasis on the efficiency. They both believe the present system of crime management is faulty and needs redefinition. While Criminologist argue on security signal basis, the engineers define crime management on what is obtainable. Research Objectives and Significance The sudden growth in the telecommunication provider providing wireless access has made the internet more accessible. With more demand for intelligent crime management system The aim of CRIS is to assist the Nigerian Police Force (NPF) in their bid to solve crimes with timely and useful information about criminals and/or their mode of operations so as to nip in the bud criminal activities in a given locality. The objectives of the research work are as stated below: To provide a deterministic crime reporting model To create a distributed data warehouse for crime reporting based on the model. The enhanced data quality of the incident-based reporting system will be of significant benefit to state and local governing bodies, criminal justice agencies, and the public. Data from the incident-based system will enhance both strategic and tactical decision making in criminal justice. Because incident-based data will provide a more accurate picture of a communitys crime patterns, decisions regarding law enforcement, judicial, and correctional resources can be made based on empirical data. Similarly, the level of detail provided by incident-based data can assist law enforcement agencies and the community to identify crime problems in their community such as: crime hotspots †¢ populations who are at risk and Drug and alcohol problems. Crime prevention strategies may then be developed and evaluated based on empirical evidence. This study will also assist policy analyst to understand both factors that impedes the efficiency and effectiveness of the police and the ways by which the situation could be improved upon so as to bring crime and disorders in the society to its barest minimum. Finally, this study will go a long way in contributing to the knowledge of police work. Besides, other researchers and students in higher institutions especially those in sociology department can derive various secondary data from this study. Crime Sensing The root causes of crime [are] poverty, unemployment, underemployment, racism, poor health care, bad housing, weak schools, mental illness, alcoholism, single-parent families, teenage pregnancy, and a society of selfishness and greed. Online Crime Management system is a web based application that provides avenue as well as gateway for reporting online crimes, lodge complaints, announce missing persons, inform the general public the fugitive details mailing with platform to chart online and send emails. There is no restriction on the number of concurrent connections to the web server. Every user must subscribe to the web server by registering on the server. Existing System In the existing system only we can see the details of particular information about the police stations in our state, the existing system has more workload for the authorized person, but in the case of Proposed System, the user can registered in our site and send the crime report and complaint about a particular city or person. Drawbacks of Existing System More man power. Time consuming. Consumes large volume of pare work. Needs manual calculations. No direct role for the higher officials. Damage of machines due to lack of attention. To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to be computerized. Proposed System The aim of proposed system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The proposed system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system provides proper security and reduces the manual work. The existing system has several disadvantages and many more difficulties to work well. The proposed system tries to eliminate or reduce these difficulties up to some extent. The proposed system will help the user to reduce the workload and mental conflict. The proposed system helps the user to work user friendly and he can easily do his jobs without time lagging. Expected Advantages of Proposed System The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very low system resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It has got following features Ensure data accuracy’s. Proper control of the higher officials. Reduce the damages of the machines. Minimize manual data entry. Minimum time needed for the various processing. Greater efficiency. Better service. User friendliness and interactive. Minimum time required.

Economic Development Record Essay

Economies all around the globe develop over time depending on the policies that they undertake to utilise the resources within their boundaries. Nations that utilise their resources experience economic growth and there is great inflow and outflow of goods and services in those nations. Economic growth means that the nation is utilising its resources efficiently and this has resulted into increased productivity within the various sectors of the economy. Industries within the nation increase as a result of the improved economic performance that will result to the creation of more employment opportunities hence reducing unemployment levels in the nation (Daquila 2004). Due to the increase in the number of industries and output in the already existing industries, employment opportunities increase and this brings about a reduction in the number of citizens unemployed. Unemployment is very crucial in calculating a nations GDP which is an indicator to a nations performance. Economic growth depicts an increase in pa capita income. This is the income associated with every individual in the economy although they may not have it in their possession (Daquila 2004). Pa capita income is calculated by dividing the overall value of the economy proportionately divided between the nation’s overall economy. On the other hand, Daquila (2004) defines economic development as the improvement in the livelihood of individual citizens of a nation together with that of the systems that are in place in the nation. A nation’s system involves economic, political and social framework from which the economy operates in. All the above plus economic growth defines economic development. Economic performance is measured using various tools that include GNP and GDP. GDP estimates the economic performance giving consideration to internal and external trades (Daquila 2004). In establishing the GDP, consideration is given to consumption in the nation, expenditure by the Government, investments in the nation, trades in the nation that is imports and exports. Consumption comprises of perishable & non-perishable goods and services within the nation. In determining the non-perishable goods they are assumed to be products that will last for a period of three years from the date of manufacturing. GNP refers to the difference between imported products and services and the exported products. The value of this difference added to the value of products & services generated within the economy results to the GNP. To evaluate the economic performance of a nation, a number of indicators are used to measure exactly how the economy is progressing towards its economic objectives. A nation has to determine the level of consumption of its individual citizens (Todaro 1997). The level of consumption means the proportion an individual spends after receiving their income. The remaining part of the income is saved. The consumption level of a nation determines the amount of savings in the economy. Savings on the other hand, stimulates growth in the economy. When individuals increase their savings, the financial institutions hold more money thus the cost of accessing funds is low. Business entities in the nation are able to access funds at a low cost from the financial institutions. The borrowed funds are used for the expansion of business operations across the industries within the economy. The expansion of business activities results to an increase in national output and employment (Munk & O’Hearn 1999). The increase in national output increases the exports of a nation in respect to its imports. The resulting balance of trade will be positive hence the nation has more in terms of foreign reserves that will assist them when it comes to purchasing produces from other countries. Therefore, savings are very vital for the improvement of the performance of an economy. T o induce savings in the economy, the opportunity cost of saving has to be high so that individuals can adopt a trend of saving since they are compensated bountifully for foregoing consumption. It can be concluded that increase in savings results to an increase in investments that contribute towards the growth of an economy. Increased activity within the economy results to an increase in production levels of the economy (Ros 2000). The nation is able to produce more products & services, that are able to meet the needs of the nations population. Since the products are locally manufactured, they are quite affordable thus individuals are able to spend less and save more. This results to an increase in the real income that individuals have in their pockets and are ready to spend. It should be noted that increased production has to be met by equal consumption otherwise it could result to losses that will hurt the economy. Depending on the expansion of the economy, rates of unemployment adjust themselves in more or less the same rates. Increased production will require an increase in manpower that will be able to maintain the production levels. Nations with large populations face a major challenge in absorbing its citizens in the workforce. Individual citizens for a start need to have the relevant skills required to perform in different industries. Education in these economies has to be committed and directed towards instilling individuals with the necessary skills that will be useful in rendering service to the various sectors of the economy. A skilled population results to economic development since the individuals are prone to exercise their skill base towards living a better life thus contributing to the economy’s growth. Economic development depends also on the expenditure of the nation’s authority (Preston 1999). The government consists of various departments that oversee the implementation of policies that improve the state of the economy. These departments are given the financial power to implement and improve on the various economic aspects for example the development of basic infrastructure within the economy. In improving the infrastructure, the government releases money from its coffers to the public. This way, the supply of money increases to equal its demand. In most cases, when the Government spends on its development programs, money supply is more than the money demanded. If this situation is allowed to go unchecked it might result to inflation and later to stagflation; a situation where both the unemployment and inflation rates are so high. Therefore, Government involvement in an economy has to be considered carefully when undertaking development projects. Increased rates of production in an economy increases the output levels that may go over and beyond in meeting the local demand. Having satisfied the local demand, excess products can be exported to other nations. This facilitates international trade where nations exchange commodities they have in excess for commodities they do not have. Nations should avoid importing more and exporting less as this leads to a negative trade balance. This means that the nation spends more in foreign currency than it receives. Third world and developing nations should consider the above variables if they are to achieve spurred economic growth. They most important is to ensure that their population is skilled so that they can utilise their skills by establishing some income generating activity that will create employment opportunities and increase the total production of their economy. MALAYSIA. The present day Malaysia attained independence in the 1957 from the British administration and accorded the sovereign status in 1963 (Malaysia 2008). The Britons established themselves in early 1880’s and later went on to control the state by establishing a self governing authority for the Malaysian people. The Federal States of Malaysia were incorporated in the 1895. The states were under the British control until when the Japanese invaded in 1942. Britain waged war over Japan and in 1945 the states where reinstated under the jurisdiction of the British. In 1948, guerilla movements begun protesting against the colonial authority that resulted to an emergency declaration. In 1965, the Federation state of Singapore disintegrated from the member nations opting for self governance. 1957 saw the attaining of independence of the Federation from the British authorities. In the late 1960’s, the Malaysian government sought to balance the economy among its nationals so as to attain economic development by equal distribution of national wealth among its constituent communities (Malaysia 2007). Malaysia has got a rich culture that is evident from its diverse communities and language speaking citizens. Its population consists of Chinese speakers, Indians, English, among other languages (Malaysia 2007). The large population consists of Malaysian natives alongside Chinese, Indians and other local communities. Malaysia consists of individuals who practise different religious beliefs that include Hindu, Islam, Buddhist, Sikh among other religions. The richness of Malaysia presents it with a competitive workforce than any other nation in the world. The improved economic performance of Malaysia is as a result of a united people from different cultures and not allowing politics to ruin their nation. Malaysia has had to maintain a united nation and focussing on the togetherness of the nation by avoiding self interests. Malaysia is enriched with natural resources that include crude oil and that it has had to deal with the resource in a careful manner to avoid the negative repercussions that result from the unfair distribution of natural resource gains. Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The GDP reflects the total activity in the economy. This considers both the public and private sectors of the economy and their contribution towards the development of the economy. It also takes into consideration the behaviours of the citizens in regards to spending. Malaysia’s GDP has been increasing constantly from 1998-2008 at a rate of 6- 9 per cent. In 2007, the GDP stood at $357. 4 billion. Malaysia’s population is slightly higher than 26 million thus giving a pa capita income of $13,300 (UNDP 2008). The GDP in 1986 was at $28. 2 billion. The GDP increase signifies an increase in all major facets of the economy. Government spending has increased from 16. 4 in 1986 to 12. 0 in 2006. The Government’s decision to reduce its spending avoids the negative impacts that result when money supply is more than the money demanded in the economy. Key sectors of the economy that have immensely contributed to the GDP are industrial sector that has been a leading contributor since 1986 to 2006 with a percentage of 49. 9 compared to 38. 5 in 1986. Manufacturing follows a close second with 29. 8% in 2006 from 19. 3% in 1986. The provision of services has also reduced from 41. 7% to 41. 3% in 2006. Lastly, agricultural sector has reduced its contribution to the GDP from 19. 8 per cent to 8. 7 per cent in 2006 (Malaysia 2007). The above data shows that the economy has shifted its dependency on agriculture as a contributor to the GDP. The economy has shifted its focus mainly from agriculture to industrialization where industries are the main contributors to the GDP. Industrial growth is a major boost to the Malaysian economy since it increases the nations production ability and is able to meet the demand of the nations internal demand. This has elevated Malaysia to an industrialized nation due to its potential ability to the production of services & products. These increased production levels are able to meet local and international demand hence receiving foreign currencies that will result to a positive capital account. National Consumption and Savings. According to the World Bank report, the percentage of consumption by the citizens that was used in calculating the GDP decreased from 54. 2 in 1986 to 50. 3 in 2006. That of the government decreased from 16. 4 per cent to 12. 0 per cent . The mean growth per annum indicated the citizens consumption had decreased from 9. 1 to 7. 0 and Government spending reduced from 6. 5 to 5. 0. The figures show that both the Government and individuals in the nation have adopted a behaviour of saving or reducing their spending habits. By reducing spending, more is saved with the nation’s financial institutions as the individuals are compensated for foregoing consumption. Savings spur growth in the sense that investors will borrow funds and expand their business activities that will result to an increase production. The increase in production across the industry results to increase in the national output. An increase in national output will increase the nations participation in international trade thus achieving a favourable trade balance. Low government interference in the economy maintains a stable money supply within the economy. By maintaining stability in money supply in the economy, inflation is avoided since it negatively impacts the economy. Increased government expenditure increases the money supply in the economy. This increases the purchasing power of individuals in a way that they can be able to purchase goods and professional services in the country. This presents a situation whereby there is much money chasing few goods within the economy. To mop up this effect the regulating financial authority will need to increase its interest rates. This means that there will be an increase in cost of borrowing that will result to inaccessibility to funds by corporate organisations. Corporations will be unable to maintain their current levels of production thus the need to lay off its workers. This situation will be characterized by increase in unemployment rates, reducing national output and economic performance. The economy will not be performing at its optimum and will have wasted on its human resource. Therefore, Government involvement in large amounts destabilises a nations economic performance. Income and Output Growth Rates. The export of manufactured products have increased since 1986 from USD6. 009m to USD124. 530m in 2006 (World Bank). The above figures indicate that manufacturing has increased over time and that the economy has shifted its focus to increasing its industrial capacity. By increasing industrial capacity ensures that the nations industry is able to satisfy the ever growing demand of the nation. Economic development requires that a nation first satisfies its population fully before embarking on the satisfaction of outside markets. The nation is required to make sure that all key markets are satisfied and that the demand of a nation is met. These means that different industries will have the capability of serving different markets. Unless a nation’s population is satisfied, development of an economy is difficult. New industries are formed that provides the final consumer with a product similar to those of another company to enhance competition. Competition among industries ensures the production of quality products that will give the consumer a wide range of choice. Companies will strive to out do one another in both the primary and secondary markets. The increased income and output growth rates can be attributed to the rich natural resources that are found in the nation. The natural resources are raw materials that are processed into finished products that are exported to international countries. As of 2004, its partners included the US, Korea, Singapore, Germany, Japan, Hong Kong, Indonesia and China. Among the raw products include oil, copper, timber, natural gas and iron (Malaysia, 2007). Most industries in Malaysia are processing based located mainly on the western island. They process the raw materials that are extracted into finished products. It is due to this value addition that the nation is mainly industry based and most of the population is employed. The industries in Malaysia also deal in the production of textiles and electronic equipment. They development of industries in the large scale have contributed significantly to the development of the Malaysian economy. Employment and Unemployment Percentages. Malaysia’s population comprises of the elderly, the middle aged and the young. From the world bank report, children legible for enrolment into primary schools stood at 96 percent for both male & female students in 2006. this indicates that the Malaysian government embraces education as a factor to economic development. A skilled population is economically beneficial since the individuals will strive to utilise their skill base towards achieving their own development that will later translate to economic development. One of the key issues addressed by the UNDP towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s)is human capacity building which means that nation should ensure that they impart skills on their citizens by way of offering courses education to all its citizens and ensuring that it is affordable for all (UNDP). A nation that has an educated population is set to reap benefits from that same population because they will aim at exercising their knowledge in the various fields of expertise and also aim at developing products that will improve on the already existing ones therefore looking for new efficient ways of production. Malaysia’s literacy rate stands at 89 percent as of 2006 indicating that most of the population is skilled resulting to lower unemployment cases. Malaysia is among the developing nations and is striving to attain the MDG’s that will direct them to achieving a developed world status. With about 5 per cent of land is available for farming, Malaysia cannot only depend on farming and that the population must acquire some knowledge in other activities. As of 2007, Malaysia’s unemployment rate stood at 3. 2 per cent and inflation rate stood at 2. 1 per cent. The Phillips Curve states that inflation and unemployment are inversely related whereby high inflation results to low unemployment rates and vice versa. This is because when there is high inflation in an economy, most of the population has got some amount of money therefore resulting to some form of engagement in income generating activities. Therefore Malaysia as an economy has really tried in dealing with unemployment levels by making sure that a large part of its population is skilled. The Malaysian Government has formulated a number of policies aimed at improving its economic performance for example the New Economic Policy of 1971 (Malaysia 2007). Government Budget Activity. Government involvement in an economy should be restricted for it can have diverse negative impacts on the economy. The government, however, has got to interfere with severally in the economy since it has to provide for social amenities such as water, education, infrastructure among others for they cannot be left to the control of the private sector. When providing for these amenities, the Government gets money from the state coffers and pays the contractors among other parties that will implement development policies in the nation resulting to increased money supply. By increasing money supply, prices of products rise since the demand for the products will also increase. This will lead to increased production of products and increase national output that will result to more employment opportunities. Therefore government interference is good in the short run as it will stimulate the economic activities. However, continued government interference will hurt the economy in the long run since more money is available in the nation thus raising the prices of the products in the economy. The soaring inflation will then destabilise the nations exchange rate that will depreciate. With the depreciating of the local currency, Ringgit, imports become expensive since industries and individuals will require more money to import products thus hindering the efficiency of engaging in international trade. From the world bank report 2006 on Malaysia, 99 per cent of the population has access to clean water supply. The government has therefore given preference to the basic resources that affects the Malay in their daily lives. The report also gives the figures for Government involvement as; current revenue has decreased from 26. 8 per cent in 1986 to 21. 6 per cent in 2006 while the overall budget balance has increased from a deficit of -0. 8 per cent in 1986 to 2. 8 per cent in 2006 (Malaysia 2007). This figures indicate that the government has restricted on its involvement in the economy so as to control the economic impact caused by excessive Government involvement.

Determine the refractive index of glass

Hypothesis: The incident ray, the normal and the refracted ray all lie in the same plane. Also, according to Snell's law, for 2 particular media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction should be a constant: Sin i Sin r Apparatus: 1. A rectangular prism 2. Four 1 inch pins 3. A protractor 4. A ruler 5. An A4 size cardboard 6. An A4 size sheet of plain paper 7. 4 bits of blue tack 8. A pencil Method 1. A table is drawn at the top left side of the A4 size paper with column titles: â€Å"Angle of Incidence† and â€Å"Angle of Refraction†. The table should contain 8 rows excluding the column titles. 2. The rectangular prism is placed at the middle of the top of the page and its perimeter is traced with the help of the ruler and pencil. The normal is soon after marked out in the approximate centre of the perimeter using the protractor at the 90 degrees point. The operation is then repeated at the middle of the bottom of the page and finally to the back of the page. 3. 4 perimeters with a normal on each should already be drawn at that stage. Next, an angle should be measured and traced from the point where the normal touches the perimeter line from any of the 4 sketch. The angle is noted at the table as an angle of incidence. This step is repeated five more times with different angles each time. 4. The page is placed on the piece of cardboard and stabilised using the blue tack bits. 5. 2 pins are stuck on any incident lines and the rectangular prism in placed fitting the perimeter marked previously. 6. The pins should be observed at a parallel and opposite side of the rectangular prism and the cardboard should be moved so that 1pin covers the other totally and 2 more pins should be stuck. 7. The pins are removed together with the page and a line is drawn from the 2 recent holes caused by the pins. 8. A new normal is outlined out of the new line and the angle is measured and noted as the emergent ray. 9. A line is drawn from the emergent ray to the incident ray and the angle from the normal is measured using the protractor. 10. Steps 4 to 8 are repeated 7 more times varying on the 4 perimeters. 11. The page should resemble the following: Results Conclusion The results seem satisfying enough to support the hypothesis, hence supporting the idea of the law of refraction. Evaluation and precautions * Blue tack was used so as to keep the paper stable while working to prevent errors. * A double check with another protractor was performed to ensure its accuracy. * Mistakes such as not perfectly vertical pins stuck or not exactly parallel positioning of the eye could have been performed relying on the results. * Parallax errors or other mistakes such as too bumpy cardboard may have lead to not accurate enough results. * Another method of performing the experiment yet roughly the same precision would be to use light beams which would be more accurate than our eyes' positioning therefore reducing parallax error.

Report On Oluadah Equiano Essays - Racism, Slavery, Africa

Report On Oluadah Equiano Essays - Racism, Slavery, Africa Report On Oluadah Equiano History The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano Slavery has been an issue in the world since ancient times, and in only the last one hundred and fifty years has it been dine away with in our country. The way slaves were regarded was different according to the various cultures around the earth due to regional traditions and the goods that were produced in that area. The enslavement of the African Americans did not begin with the South Atlantic System, it existed in Africas own various native tribes for centuries. In The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano, Equiano recalls the slavery in his own tribe the Ibo. The slavery *censored* sucker system of his African tribe that he witnessed as a child differed from what he would experience as an adult. First, a man could not be kidnapped and made into a slave within the African community. In fact, a man could become a slave as a punishment for kidnapping or other crimes such as adultery. One could also become a slave if he/she was a captured enemy (Interesting Narrative 38). The Europeans, however, rounded up slaves with no thought of any Africans personal lives and captured them for the sole purpose of enslaving them. When they did not round up the Africans themselves they would trade goods for slaves which caused tribes to attack other tribes for horny slaves to increase their own wealth and sta tus (America 68). These two factors left damage to the African tribes. Equiano recalls that the slaves taken by his Ibo people were almost treated as one of the family. The slaves do the same amount of work that any other member of the family would do (Interesting Narrative 41). When Equiano reached the West Indies he saw the Africans being literally worked to death, because they were so numerous and wouldnt lose money if they perished. Another principal difference in the treatment of slaves between Africa and Europe was lodging. In the Ibo tribe, the master of the slaves had them live inside his complex and dwelt in houses nearly the same manner as he did (Interesting Narrative 37,41). In contrast, Equiano witnessed the lodgings in the West Indies to be horrid. They are often open sheds, built in damp places the poor structures of the hut left the slaves cold and damp, the perfect conditions for disease to flourish in (Interesting Narrative 94). In the Ibo tribe the slave food rations were the same as the rest of the household. They usually had permiss ion to marry, and their children were born free (America 66). After Equiano was kidnapped he experiences African slavery, which is mixed with harsh and fair treatment. Equiano reaches the coast and sees streptococus Europeans for the first time, he says If ten thousand worlds had been my own I would have freely parted with them all to exchange my condition with that of the meanest slave in my country (Interesting Narrative 54). He probably would have given this if he had known he was headed for the dilsilious middle passage. If the Africans survived the middle passage they were mostly taken to the West Indies and then to other destinations (America 67). The more slaves that inhabited an area, the more replaceable they became, and this and other factors contributed to the differences in slavery from place to place. Oluadah Equiano came in contact with slavery in many places all over the world including the West Indies, Virginia, Georgia, London and Philadelphia and in each place the form of slavery varied. According to Eqiuano, the harshest slave conditions were in the West Indies. Most West Indian planters treated the slaves like animals. They were very expendable because sugar prices were high, and slave prices were low (America 73). Most slaves were malnourished and lacked adequate housing. They were under strict regulations because the slave population was much greater than that of the Europeans of the islands. They controlled the Africans with fear. Africans had no rights as citizens as Equiano points out. He tells of an African man who owned a boat, which was taken from him with no compensation. He also tells of how Africans were dismembered and tortured for

The Marketing Functions Of Euro Disney Tourism Essays

The Marketing Functions Of Euro Disney Tourism Essays The Marketing Functions Of Euro Disney Tourism Essay The Marketing Functions Of Euro Disney Tourism Essay Introduction The Walt Disney s nucleus concern country is Amusement and subject Parkss. Organization started concern in 1955 with an 80-acre Park in California US. Currently they have theme Parkss in US, Tokyo and France. Euro Disneyland was one of their biggest undertakings in 1990 s ; the venture was one of the American attempts to spread out their concern in foreign states. Even though Walt Disney s first foreign venture in Tokyo was a success, their following enlargement of concern in foreign dirt Euro Disney became a failure. Aim of this papers is to analyze selling direction and its function in the concern at Euro Disney. Throughout the papers it focuses on current selling map and identifies important issues which has caused notable bead in the public presentation of Euro Disney and analyses basicss of consumer market behavior and the usage of marketing construct to get the better of the state of affairs. Euro Disney Marketing Functions Selling researchA Since Tokyo Disneyland became an blink of an eye hit, Walt Disney believed they gained important cognition and experience in foreign ventures ; therefore they initiated to seek for a site for the following subject park. The choice was Paris for many grounds. France had a dramatic transit web because of its big population. The Walt Disney Company executives believed since Tokyo Disneyland and Paris was located in about the same latitude and shared a similar cold-weather clime that they would be able operate successfully. Their research was aimed at Europe because Disney movies used to be celebrated than in the United States. Because of this Disney amusement was celebrated among European witnesss. Selling planningA SWOT Analysis Merchandise developmentA Development of Euro Disney was chiefly focused on non to reiterating two errors that they did during past ventures, i.e. Leting other constitutions to open hotels in environing country of the subject park As happened in Orlando, Florida, where merely 14 % of the hotels owned by Disney. Leting another company to have the subject park Consequently, Walt Disney bought land more than they truly need and reinforced office composite, corporate park, places, shopping promenades and flats Ad and gross revenues publicity Euro Disneyland did selling to stress that it is an absolute holiday finish where households can remain for hebdomad s clip. They promoted Euro Disney as a topographic point where Gallic invitee could see and remain for a long continuance. Their chief scheme of selling was advancing the subject park by following American Style. Furthermore they used small show window to market what adventures invitees could execute and used characters to explicate what they could see inside the park. All the mark boards inside the park were themed with Plagiarists of Caribbean manner and hallmark was Smile a batch . To accomplish more guest attractive force into the park, Euro Disney organized events such as Halloween . Law monetary value tickets were sold after 5pm specifically aiming Parisians, another selling maneuver was to give decreases to school groups and people below 25 and over 60. Selling and distributionA The handiness to the location of euro Disney Land has been made easier by location itself, where it s merely 20 stat mis off from centre of Paris and besides it s situated between Orly airdromes and Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle international airdrome. Besides the site is connected with Gallic railroad regional express where it s connected with the Paris tube system. On the gap twenty-four hours itself the direct rail nexus to Great Britain via the English Channel wade the tract to countless extra possible invitees. A Public dealingss The employees with trilingual capablenesss were given more prominence in enlisting of staff, since Disney hoped to pull visitants from all over Europe. These employees were given particular human resource preparation to engraft the Have a nice twenty-four hours outlook and to smile the Disney Smile . Employees were besides instructed to adhere to the Disney Look to be in line with the Disney civilization. Analysis of the basicss of consumer behavior The purchasing procedure There are four types of purchasing behaviour: Disney Europe expected a assortment seeking purchasing behaviour from the client, as they offered a assortment of merchandises within the subject park. Ranging from subject park drives, interaction with Disney characters, nutrient, drinks, Disney merchandize and many more. Root cause Analysis The scheme that Disney wanted to implement was the same tested and tried theoretical account that they had adopted in the Unites provinces and Tokyo. However the root causes for their failure was besides this scheme which failed to factor in the socio cultural differences of the Gallic and Europeans and their over ambitious programs to develop the site plus their fiscal construction itself. Strategy mismatch at Euro Disney The root cause of the blooper that Disney made in France was that they perceived that their subject park was a monopoly due to its size a monopoly is described in literature is described as a individual provider with no challengers and high barriers to entry.A When comparing Disney to the other subject Parkss that were in being at the clip it s apparent that all of them were little and less known than the celebrated Disney trade name. Besides it was really hard for an investor to come up with a park of the same size and quality due to the high cost involved. Therefore Disney s premise about the monopolistic place could non be faulted. Disney was besides concentrating on tourers who would pass several yearss at the park in order to see the full park, which would imply gross from their hotels, nutrient and ware ; . Euro Disney due to their perceptual experience of their park being a monopoly besides priced themselves at a premium, which was more expensive even compared to the tickets for their locales in America. It was besides discovered that consumers were non acting in the mode expected for a monopolistic market. However what transpired was that the Gallic proverb it as a twenty-four hours finish which made Disney compete with many other smaller subject Parkss scattered around France. Euro Disney besides miscalculated the per-capita disbursement of visitants to the park. It was assumed by them that clients would pass every bit much as Americans and Nipponese, nevertheless Gallic visitants spent about 12 % less than their counterparties. Cultural Issues Disney failed to place the being of cultural differences in Europe ensuing in them doing the undermentioned errors ; Disney executives thought that Europeans had the same vacation forms as Americans who spent their money on several short vacation flings, whereas the Europeans and French were more likely to distribute their money and take a few longer interruptions. The company besides miscalculated the eating wonts of the European visitants where they thought they would emulate the Americans by holding a speedy repast instead than a sit down repast at the appointive clip accompanied with vino and spirits. This caused a immense tumult as the Gallic were accustomed to taking a glass of vino with a repast. The employees who were preponderantly Gallic were expected to move in a mode that was contradictory to their societal imposts. The Disney Company expected their employees to adhere to a rigorous 13 page guideline which imposed a good scrubbed American expression. This did non sit really good with the employees who preferred their individuality. Marketing scheme mismatch The subject park was marketed as a complete holiday finish that could be occupied by invitees for a hebdomad. This scheme boasts typical American manner largeness and extravagancy. Where they have wholly alienated the emotional facet of it by pretermiting to emphasis on the particular memorable experience the household could hold. This clearly shows that the company did non see the positions of the Europeans when developing their schemes. Euro Disney besides did non see the nearing recession which tumbled the Gallic existent estate market which mostly negated their scheme of developing belongings and selling it to possible purchasers ; it besides shrunk the European and French disposable income so that households thought twice before taking a dearly-won holiday at Euro Disney. Operational Strategy Mismatch Euro Disney encountered several operational mismatches during its early being some of which are still in being today such as the right degree of staffing at the subject park, it was assumed that Monday would be a light twenty-four hours for invitees and Friday would be heavy but the contrary was true. They besides miscalculated the installations available for parking, hotel cheque out places, hapless direction of the crowds ( Large waiting lines, eating house seating capacity ) Strategic Action Plan for Disney Euro Seven P s of Euro Disney Merchandise Happiness Topographic point Euro Disney Park Promotion Powerful and widely known trade name name The sum of promotion generated by the undertaking Monetary value Determined by benchmarking those of other Disney Parkss Peoples All the dramatis personae members, current and old clients Physical environment Theme park, hotel, retail composites and recreational installations Procedure The procedure by which the merchandise felicity and satisfaction is delivered to clients Recommendation and decision By analysing the above facts, there are two chief aims that Euro Disney Co will see ; those are to get the better of their high debt incurred along the manner of its operations and to carry through the spread of the cultural mismatch. Disney ventures in Europe loss USD 900 million for the first fiscal twelvemonth, after 3 months from the first fiscal twelvemonth Disney loss sum of 1.3 billion. Therefore to get the better of these debts the undermentioned schemes and tactics are recommended ; Publishing of portions to the borrowers to put off against the outstanding debts. Rights issue to the bing portion holders in order to raise financess to retrieve the company debts. Retrenchment of employees. Reposition the trade name to reflect its propinquity to Paris. Price tax write-offs on entryway fee and hotel monetary values on particular promotional periods, and on different usage sections such as schools, age and etc. Offer all inclusive bundles which include conveyance, nutrient and adjustment to pull budget tourers. Design particular festivals aimed at different seasons of the twelvemonth such as Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter this will lure visitants to the park several times a twelvemonth to hold a different experience. ( Increase Consumption ) Introduce activities such as golf, tennis etc to provide to the different sections of visitants. Revamping of the manner it was marketed to be a household oriented holiday foregrounding the emotional facet of it. Expand the market to other untapped markets such as the Middle East and Afric A better mechanism to buoy up up the current client service in order to pull more clients to the concern. By accomplishing the program mentioned above we are confident that the euro Disney operation can be made profitable successful.

Mid3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mid3 - Essay Example This was swiftly followed by the addition of Florida as a slave state (Brinkley, 440). Additionally, the US-Mexican war was potentially provoked during Polk’s presidency, as they were already annoyed by the annexation of Texas. He was also interested in purchasing Baja California and New Mexico, which was seen as an insult and the Mexicans felt disarmed by this new president and his choices (Brinkley, 443). Polk himself provoked the war, using the new Texas-Mexico border as justification. The US-Mexican war was another provocation towards disunion because many of those living in the Southern states and former Mexican territories were in support of the war, but those living in the north felt it to be unnecessary. Ulysses S. Grant felt the war to be immoral, which suggests the position of many of the Northern Whigs. At the time, there was mounting tension about a number of issues in the U.S. which eventually led to a break-up of the Union between 1848 and 1861. Slavery was a gro wing concern, with many slave-owning states being concerned about the lack of economic security that would come from abolition, and those in the north feeling slave ownership to be immoral. Millard Fillmore became the last Whig president. Fillmore hated slavery but enforced the new Fugitive Slave Law, which meant that many African Americans were being arrested and had to escape to Canada to escape slavery (Brinkley, 425). The Whig party was also affected by many of the developments at the time, as they felt offended by the compromise of 1850, and there was a divide in the presidential candidate backed by Southern Whigs and Northern Whigs. This dissent in the party ranks eventually led to the dissolution of the Whig party, and is the reason why Millard Fillmore was the last Whig president. Additionally, Pierce was elected President by the majority but is widely acknowledged to be one of the worst U.S. presidents in history (Brinkley, 424). He attempted to save the Union by backing pr o-slavery sentiments, which makes him unusual for a Yankee. He signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act drafted by Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas, allowing the people of all Western Territories to vote whether or not to permit slavery (Brinkley, 426). This meant that there could be a change in the divide between pro- and anti-slavery states in the United States, starting a period of intense turmoil. It is important to note that slavery was not the only important aspect of the break-up of the Union, but is a major contributing factor to a number of problems that were occurring across the new continental United States, which was growing in size. Part TWO: The Civil War: In what way did the Confederacy embody Calhoun’s version of Jeffersonianism? In what way did the Union under Lincoln embody the Whig/Republican version of Hamiltonianism? How did Lincoln turn the war into a Second American Revolution? Why were Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg and the election of 1864 important? How and w hy did the Union eventually prevail? The Confederacy was born out of several states, started by South Carolina in 1860, declaring their independence from the United States as it was (Brinkley, 451). There were several issues that led to this disillusion, one of which being slavery. The Confederacy can be said to embody Calhoun’s version of Jeffersonianism by promoting minimal government, preventing the use of tariffs and funding public works. This is in stark contrast to Hamiltonianism and many of the elements of the United

Phd proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Phd proposal - Essay Example Additionally, the proliferation of group-based delivery schemes has supported the view that positive impacts have redounded in the lives of women individually as well as collectively, as a result of the availability of micro-credit facilities. In this regard, empowerment was more commonly measured in terms of eight indicators: women’s economic contribution to the household income; mobility, or the ability of women to travel without escort; ability to make small purchases; ability to make large purchases; ownership of productive assets; involvement in the formulation of major decisions; freedom from family domination; and political awareness (Hashemi, et al., 1996). On the matter of impacts, Chen (1997) was among the first to use this framework to arrive at three pathways to empowerment that micro-credit programmes are found to produce among its clientele. The three pathways are identified as the cognitive, the perceptual, and the relational impacts. The cognitive impact determ ines the distance by which the participants’ skills and knowledge have improved due to their participation in the programme. Among these are the knowledge of how to save, to plan for the future, and to take greater control of personal and household finances. Also included are learning how to bank money, learning of the virtues of industry and hard work, discipline and strong-mindedness; money management and bank rolling profits; and small business dynamics of learning how to take advantage of seasonality, of diversification, and quick inventory turnover. The second is perceptual impact, which revolves around how women see themselves. Included here are women’s self-confidence, self-reliance, and self-esteem, as well as their changing vision of their future as a result thereof. Finally, the third pathway is the relational impact, or the manner the programme has changed the participants with regard to their family relationships (Johnson, 2005). Primary among these relatio nships is the participants’ relationship with their husbands. There are two divergent pathways. One is the husband’s initial suspicion about the wife’s comings and goings, which is later replaced by an appreciative acknowledgement of her new abilities, a higher level of respect accorded her, and their appreciation for the woman’s contribution to the household income. There have been cases, however, depending on the culture in which the couple are embedded, of husbands expressing resentment against their wives for spending too much time away from their household duties (Johnson, 2005). Criticisms The claim that micro credit provides economic empowerment has been criticized for the narrow construction it ascribes to â€Å"empowerment.† The focus on micro credit programs tends to misleadingly circumscribe women’s empowerment to their economic adequacy; this tends to simplify the issue of transformational empowerment, and relegating womenâ€℠¢s subordinate role to a matter of economic mainstreaming. For instance, Stephen Lewis decried the â€Å"mainstreaming† of gender issues in the UN system, because of fragmentation and dispersal of efforts among several agencies which are under funded and maligned (Goetz & Sandler, 2007). Mainstreaming indicates that integration is being intended, rather than the creation of entities specifically advocating solutions to the plight of women. It tends to